Which of the following is NOT a primary activity in a firm's operations?

The correct answer identifies financial accounting as a function that is not classified as a primary activity in a firm’s operations. In the context of a firm’s value chain, primary activities are typically those directly involved in creating and delivering a product or service to customers. These activities include inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, and customer service.

Research and development, customer service, and marketing and sales are integral to directly generating value and enhancing customer satisfaction, which emphasizes their roles as primary activities.

In contrast, financial accounting serves a supporting function that, while crucial for the overall health and compliance of the business, does not directly contribute to the production or delivery of products and services. Hence, it is categorized under support activities rather than primary activities in the framework of a firm’s operations. Understanding this distinction helps clarify how different functions contribute to a firm's success in international business contexts.