Which function is NOT typically classified as a primary activity of value creation?

The identification of investor relations as the function not typically classified as a primary activity of value creation is based on a clear understanding of the primary activities outlined in the value chain model. Primary activities, as conceptualized by Michael Porter, include those directly involved in the creation and delivery of products and services. They encompass activities such as inbound logistics, operations (or production), outbound logistics, marketing and sales, and service, which includes customer support.

Investor relations, while important for maintaining a company's relationship with its investors and ensuring effective communication about the company's financial performance and strategy, does not directly contribute to the production or sales of products or services. Instead, it is considered a part of the support activities that facilitate the overall business operations and strategy but do not directly add value in the same way that production or customer support does.

Thus, understanding the classification of these functions within the framework of value chain analysis clarifies why investor relations falls outside the primary activities of value creation. This distinction is crucial in business management, as it directs focus and resources toward activities that enhance direct value delivery to customers.