What type of control is achieved through personal contact with subordinates?

Personal control is achieved through direct interactions and relationships between managers and their subordinates. This type of control emphasizes the importance of personal connections, allowing managers to influence their team's behavior, provide guidance, and address issues on a more individual level. It fosters an environment of trust and accountability, where feedback can be continuously exchanged, and employees feel supported in their roles.

In contrast, other types of control, such as output control, focus on measuring results and outcomes rather than personal interactions. Bureaucratic control relies on established rules, policies, and procedures to guide behavior and decision-making. Cultural control hinges on social norms, values, and shared beliefs within an organization, shaping how employees think and act without direct supervision. Thus, personal control stands out for its emphasis on interpersonal relationships and the direct influence of managers on their teams.