What type of activities do operations of a firm encompass?

Operations of a firm encompass various value creation activities that are essential for the organization's overall functioning and success. These activities include not only the core production processes but also support functions such as logistics, supply chain management, quality control, and customer service. By focusing on value creation, operations ensure that the products or services offered meet the customers' needs and optimize resource usage, enhancing efficiency and effectiveness within the organization.

In contrast, limiting operations to just marketing and sales, administrative tasks, or research and development overlooks the comprehensive nature of operations management, which integrates multiple functions to deliver value. Operations play a crucial role in coordinating these activities, making option C the most accurate representation of what encompasses a firm's operations. This holistic view is essential for companies striving for competitive advantage in an international business environment.